Stacked Layer Opacity
Calculator

Inputs

Combined opacity (%)
75

Results

Combined opacity (%)
75
Combined transparency (%)
25

Design and print results

Combined opacity (%)75
Combined transparency (%)25

formula-map diagram

Combined opacity (%)
75
Combined transparency (%)
25

Formula breakdown

Formula

combined = a1 + a2 × (1 − a1) (Porter-Duff 'over' operator)

= 75

Note

Simplified model: these are standard prepress and typographic relationships computed on nominal values. Real press bulk, paper caliper and shrinkage, ink limits for a given profile, font metrics and binding allowances vary by supplier and by job, so confirm with your printer and a proof before going to press.

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