Solar Panel Output
Calculator
Results
- Array size (kW)
- 4.8
- Daily production (kWh)
- 17.279999
- Monthly production (kWh)
- 518.4
- Annual production (kWh)
- 6,307.199999
Energy results
| Array size (kW) | 4.8 |
| Daily production (kWh) | 17.279999 |
| Monthly production (kWh) | 518.4 |
| Annual production (kWh) | 6,307.199999 |
formula-map diagram
- Array size (kW)
- 4.8
- Daily production (kWh)
- 17.279999
- Monthly production (kWh)
- 518.4
- Annual production (kWh)
- 6,307.199999
Energy relationship
Formula
E/day = (Wp × n ÷ 1000) × PSH × derate= 4.8
Note
This is a simplified model: it applies the standard equation to the numbers you entered and ignores real-world losses, weather variation, tariff structures and equipment tolerances. Wind power assumes air density 1.225 kg/m³ at ISA sea level and the power coefficient you enter (Betz limit 0.593). Verify with measured data or a professional energy audit before making purchasing decisions.
More in Energy and environment
See all →Frequently asked questions
What do panel wattage and peak sun hours mean here?+
Panel wattage is the rated output under standard test conditions (1000 W/m² of sunlight, 25°C cell temperature), and peak sun hours is a location-specific average of how many hours per day the sun delivers that same intensity. Multiplying them gives a daily energy estimate, not a constant output.
Why is my real-world output lower than the calculated figure?+
System losses from inverter efficiency, wiring, dust, heat, and panel mismatch typically reduce output by 15-20% from the ideal calculation. Most estimators apply a derate factor of about 0.75-0.85 to account for this gap between lab conditions and a real rooftop.
Does cloud cover ruin the whole day's production?+
No, panels still produce power on cloudy days, just at a reduced rate, often 10-25% of clear-sky output depending on cloud density. Peak sun hour averages for your region already factor in a typical mix of clear and cloudy days over the year.
Why does panel orientation and tilt matter so much?+
Panels produce maximum power when sunlight hits them directly, so a south-facing panel (in the northern hemisphere) tilted near your latitude captures the most energy annually. A panel facing east or west, or laid flat, can lose 10-30% of potential output.
How does temperature affect output?+
Solar cells lose efficiency as they heat up, typically around 0.3-0.5% per degree Celsius above 25°C, so a panel on a hot roof in summer produces less than its rated wattage even in full sun. This is why the standard rating is measured at a controlled 25°C.